Freezing and Ice Structure in Food

Dimensional analysis, spin freezing and magnetization in spin ice.

Dimensional analysis is shown to give an insight into the non-ergodic behaviour of spin ice below its apparent 'spin freezing' temperature. Expressions are derived for the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility that are found to be highly consistent with the previously reported field cooled and zero field cooled magnetization of the spin ice dysprosium titanate, Dy(2)Ti(2)O(7), as well a...

Interactions among Flooding, Freezing, and Ice Encasement in Winter Wheat.

Exposure of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to various combinations of flooding and freezing stresses induces much greater damage than the individual stresses. Cold-hardened plants flooded for 1 week or exposed to -6 degrees C for 1 week show 100% survival, while survival of plants exposed to both stresses simultaneously is reduced by 20 to 30%, and cold hardiness decreases by several degre...

Immersion Freezing of Total Ambient Aerosols and Ice Residuals

This laboratory study evaluates an experimental set-up to study the immersion freezing properties of ice residuals (IRs) at a temperature ranging from −26 to −34 ◦C using two continuous-flow diffusion chamber-style ice nucleation chambers coupled with a virtual impactor and heat exchanger. Ice was nucleated on the total ambient aerosol through an immersion freezing mechanism in an ice nucleatio...

Ice‐binding proteins confer freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

Lolium perenne is a freeze-tolerant perennial ryegrass capable of withstanding temperatures below -13 °C. Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) presumably help prevent damage associated with freezing by restricting the growth of ice crystals in the apoplast. We have investigated the expression, localization and in planta freezing protection capabilities of two L. perenne IBP isoforms, LpIRI2 and LpIRI3, ...

Melting and freezing under Antarctic ice shelves from a combination of ice-sheet modelling and observations